The human being possesses faculties that can serve either good or evil. When reason and faith guide these faculties, a person moves toward righteousness; when they are controlled by selfish desires and sinful impulses, they become instruments of wrongdoing. The greater jihad, therefore, involves disciplining the self and bringing one’s thoughts, actions and desires under the guidance of God.
1. Contemplation and Self-Reflection
The first step toward spiritual transformation is to reflect on one’s purpose in life and responsibilities toward God. Khomeini urges people to consider the blessings they have received, including health, senses, reason and divine guidance through the prophets and holy scriptures.
He argues that worldly pleasures are temporary and should not become the ultimate purpose of human existence. Through honest self-reflection, a person should recognize past mistakes, regret wasted opportunities and resolve to pursue a life directed toward God and eternal happiness.
2. Willpower and Resolution
After contemplation comes firm resolution. A person must sincerely decide to abandon sinful behavior, fulfil religious obligations, make amends for past shortcomings and conduct life according to reason and Islamic teachings.
Khomeini emphasizes following the example of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) in conduct, choices and moral discipline. He also maintains that spiritual enlightenment cannot be separated from adherence to the outward requirements of Islamic law, or Sharia.
3. Spiritual Effort and Self-Discipline
Khomeini warns that repeatedly committing sins weakens a person’s willpower and undermines their moral character. He encourages believers to strengthen their resolve, seek God’s assistance and remain mindful of the spiritual dangers encountered throughout life.
4. Self-Examination (Musharatah and Muraqabah)
Musharatah means making a firm commitment to avoid disobeying God, beginning with a promise to remain faithful for one day. Muraqabah means guarding one’s conduct throughout the day and resisting thoughts or impulses that threaten that commitment.
At night, a person should review their actions, express gratitude for successes, acknowledge shortcomings and seek forgiveness, resolving to improve the following day.
5. Remembrance of God (Tadhakkur)
Constant remembrance of God strengthens the struggle against the lower self. Khomeini encourages believers to reflect on divine blessings, recognize their dependence on God and express gratitude through obedience and good conduct.
The central message: Spiritual growth requires continuous self-reflection, firm resolution, disciplined conduct, daily self-examination and remembrance of God. Through these practices, a person can overcome destructive desires and move toward moral and spiritual perfection.